In fact, the ultrasonic image of a TP might surprise many readers. 1 Figure 1 illustrates the concept of the TP whereby “X” indicates the location (foci) of a TP followed by the pain radiation pattern (red) that a patient describes as symptomatic.
Apa cite travell and simons book how to#
What is also surprising is that not until the 21st century were TPs actually imaged, which, logically, should then lead to a better and more lucid understanding of how to treat this entity. The problem has been that none of the interventions have enough convincing data to support widespread use. Over the last 50 years, we also have evolved more interventions to treat TPs. What has changed over time is our understanding of the importance that TPs play in myriad conditions affecting the muscles, joints, and skeleton. From a descriptive sense, TPs have been characterized rather well right from the start. Surprisingly, the early descriptions of TPs do not look much different than today’s versions.
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In preparation for this report I reviewed or, more accurately, scoured the literature for a complete historical perspective on TPs. 1 The emergence of TPs as both a primary and secondary form of muscle pathology has been a gradual one, culminating in today’s more complete understanding.
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David Simons and Janet Travell, who are credited with pioneering the importance of trigger points (TPs) in many of the pathologies we see in the clinic. Most clinicians who practice pain management are familiar with the contributions of Drs.